Singapore Tech

Singapore's Digital Infrastructure Bill: What the New Data Centre Rules Mean for You

By TY → Tuesday, August 4, 2026

Singapore's Digital Infrastructure Bill: What the New Data Centre Rules Mean for You

Singapore is about to put its data centres — and the AI boom powering them — under formal regulation for the first time. In early July 2026, the Ministry of Digital Development and Information (MDDI) and the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) released a draft Digital Infrastructure Bill that would licence major data centres and cloud providers, impose energy-efficiency benchmarks, and carry fines of up to S$1 million for serious breaches.

For anyone building on AI, running cloud workloads, or just watching Singapore position itself as Asia's AI hub, this is a genuinely big deal. The consultation window has closed (it ran until July 22), and the Bill is expected to head to Parliament. Here's what Singapore's proposed data centre licensing regime actually says — and what it means for developers, businesses, and investors alike.

---

Why Singapore Is Regulating Data Centres Now

To understand the Bill, you need to understand just how central data centres have become to Singapore's economy — and how much energy they consume.

Singapore is Southeast Asia's largest data centre hub, and demand keeps climbing as AI workloads explode. The government is so confident in the sector's growth that it opened a call in late 2025 for 200MW of new data centre capacity — a clear signal that expansion is welcome, just not unconditionally (an initiative widely reported at the time, e.g. by Data Centre Dynamics in December 2025).

The problem is energy. Data centres are power-hungry, and AI makes them hungrier. United Nations researchers warned in June that AI could double data centre power and water consumption by 2030. For a city-state with no domestic energy resources and tight land constraints, that's not just an operational issue — it's a strategic one. (This builds on themes I covered in my post on Agentic AI in 2026 and the new AI data rules that landed earlier this year.)

That tension — grow the AI infrastructure, but do it sustainably and securely — is exactly what the Digital Infrastructure Bill tries to resolve. It marks a shift from voluntary "advisory guidelines" to binding, licence-backed regulation.

---

What's Actually in the Digital Infrastructure Bill

A New Licensing Regime for Foundational Digital Infrastructure

The centrepiece is a mandatory licensing regime for what regulators call Foundational Digital Infrastructure (FDI). Two kinds of operators fall under it:

• Data centres with essential computing equipment — servers, storage drives, and networking hardware — that require 10 megawatts (MW) of electrical power to operate.
• Cloud computing firms that earn more than S$100 million in average annual revenue in Singapore over three years.

Licensed operators will have to ensure the physical and digital security of their services, put in place business continuity and disaster recovery plans, and notify IMDA of cybersecurity incidents or service disruptions. These requirements build on advisory guidelines published in February 2025 covering everything from fire and flood mitigation to defences against supply-chain attacks, malware, and ransomware.

The S$1 Million Fine

For certain breaches, the Bill introduces a fine of up to S$1 million (about US$770,000) — or up to 10% of the operator's Singapore annual turnover (as reported by IMDA/MDDI, e.g. via the official MDDI and IMDA consultation materials). That's a serious escalation from the previous hands-off approach, and it signals that MDDI and IMDA intend these rules to be enforced, not just aspirational.

Energy and Water Efficiency for Smaller Operators Too

Here's the detail many miss. Even operators below the 10MW FDI threshold aren't off the hook. Data centre operators running at least 3MW of electricity will need a separate data centre (DC) licence, which prescribes minimum Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) requirements. Regulators will also weigh water efficiency, renewable energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and the operator's contribution to Singapore's economy when approving licences.

The Bill may also impose energy requirements on IT equipment and additional water efficiency rules. In other words, Singapore is treating data centres not just as a technology sector, but as a critical piece of national infrastructure that must meet the country's climate and resilience goals.

Important caveat: The Bill is still in draft form. The public consultation closed on July 22, and subsidiary legislation and codes of practice will supply the precise details only after Parliament passes the Bill. Nothing here is binding yet — but the direction is clear.

---

What This Means for Developers and Businesses

If you run workloads on hyperscale cloud providers, the good news is that the big players — AWS, Azure, Google Cloud — will almost certainly fall under the FDI regime, which means they'll face the highest standards for resilience, security, and incident disclosure. In practice, that's a net positive for your data: your cloud provider will have binding legal obligations to maintain backups, report outages, and protect against cyber threats. (For a deeper look at securing AI-powered workflows, see my Singapore Developers' AI Toolkit.)

For teams running their own data centres or planning to colocate, the practical takeaways are:

• Budget for PUE and efficiency reporting. If you're at or near the 3MW threshold, you'll need to demonstrate energy efficiency, not just pay the electric bill.
• Tighten incident-response plans. Mandatory notification to IMDA means you need clear processes for detecting and reporting cybersecurity incidents and service disruptions.
• Review your cloud concentration risk. With major providers under licensing and reporting duties, it's worth mapping where your critical workloads live and whether you have adequate redundancy.

If you're just a power user of AI tools, the Bill probably won't change your daily workflow — but it should raise your confidence that Singapore is building a more resilient, accountable digital backbone.

---

The Singapore Angle: A Delicate Balance

What makes this Bill uniquely Singaporean is the balancing act it tries to strike. The government clearly wants to remain a magnet for AI and data centre investment — hence the 200MW capacity call and ASEAN's broader race to attract capital (the region is chasing close to US$30 billion in data centre investment). At the same time, Singapore can't afford the energy or water bill that an unregulated boom would bring.

There's also a decarbonisation thread running through this. Researchers at Columbia University recently made the case for decarbonising Singapore's data-centre boom using geothermal resources — a sign that the energy question isn't going away. The Bill's emphasis on PUE, renewable energy, and water efficiency is Singapore's way of trying to have its cake and eat it too: welcome the AI economy, but force it to be green and resilient.

For investors, this is worth watching. Singapore-listed REITs and companies with data centre exposure — by extension, an indirect play on AI infrastructure — are directly affected by these rules. More stringent efficiency requirements can raise operating costs in the short term, but a clearer regulatory framework can also reduce long-term uncertainty and attract institutional capital.

---

FAQ: Common Questions & What to Watch Next

When does the Bill take effect? Not yet. The public consultation closed on July 22, and the Bill still needs to pass through Parliament. Subsidiary legislation and codes of practice — which will contain the precise PUE targets and reporting formats — will follow later. Treat everything here as the proposed direction, not binding law.

Does this affect small data centre operators? Licences apply by scale. The Foundational Digital Infrastructure (FDI) regime targets data centres using roughly 10MW and cloud providers earning over S$100 million in Singapore revenue. However, operators running at least 3MW still need a DC licence with minimum Power Usage Effectiveness requirements, so mid-size facilities are not exempt.

Will my cloud bill go up? Possibly, in the long run — compliance and efficiency investments have costs. But the bigger effect is likely on resilience and transparency: your provider will have binding duties to maintain backups, report outages, and protect against cyber threats, which is broadly good news for the safety of your data.

Is this financial advice? No. This is general information about a proposed law. Rules can change before enactment, and if you operate data infrastructure or invest in the sector, speak to a qualified professional.

What to Watch Next

The Digital Infrastructure Bill is still working its way through the legislative pipeline. Here's what I'm watching:

1. The final Bill in Parliament — whether the S$1 million fine and 10% turnover penalty survive intact, and what subsidiary legislation reveals about specific PUE targets.
2. Enforcement approach — how aggressively IMDA audits compliance and polices incident reporting.
3. The market response — whether the regulatory certainty attracts more data centre investment (a tailwind for the AI build-out) or dampens it (a headwind for operators with older, less efficient facilities).

Next Steps — Learn More and Get Started

Want to stay ahead of Singapore's AI and infrastructure policy? Bookmark IMDA's official announcements to track the Bill as it moves through Parliament, and review your own data centre and cloud resilience plans now rather than after the rules become binding. If this was useful, share it with a teammate who runs cloud workloads — and keep an eye on this space as the final legislation lands.

---

This article was researched and drafted with AI assistance (Agent Researched). The Digital Infrastructure Bill remains in draft form; figures are drawn from IMDA/MDDI consultation materials reported in July 2026 and may change before the Bill is passed. This is general information, not legal or financial advice — consult a qualified professional for guidance specific to your situation.

Singapore Tech

Open-Weight AI Models in 2026: Singapore Developers' Smartest Cost Move

By TY → Thursday, July 23, 2026

AI model networks visualised — open-weight models are now a cost-effective alternative to premium APIs. (Royalty-free image from Pexels)

Open-Weight AI Models in 2026: Singapore Developers' Smartest Cost Move

Introduction

The AI model landscape has shifted dramatically in 2026. While premium frontier models like GPT-5.5 (released April 2026) and Claude Fable 5 command headlines and premium pricing, a quieter revolution has been unfolding in the open-weight space. Recent demonstrations — including the Echo project achieving "Fable-level results at 1/3 the cost using open-weight models" — prove that open-weight AI models can now compete with the best proprietary systems. For Singapore developers navigating tight margins, rising cloud costs, and the city-state's aggressive AI ambitions, this represents a strategic opportunity that's too significant to ignore.

With Microsoft's US$5.5 billion Singapore AI infrastructure investment fueling local cloud capacity, and NTU making AI literacy mandatory from August 2026, the infrastructure and talent for open-weight AI adoption in Singapore have never been more accessible.

Why Open-Weight AI Models Matter

The Cost Advantage Is Real

The headline numbers from the Echo project tell a compelling story: equivalent performance to Claude Fable 5 at roughly one-third the inference cost. But this isn't a one-off outlier. The economics of open-weight models fundamentally change the calculus for teams building AI-powered applications. No per-token API fees, predictable scaling costs, no vendor lock-in, and — crucially for Singapore — Microsoft's expanding local data centres reduce latency and data egress costs for developers running open models on SG-based infrastructure.

For Singapore's fintech sector, handling sensitive financial data under MAS and PDPA regulations, running inference locally on open-weight models means sensitive data never leaves your controlled environment. That's a compliance win wrapped in a cost saving.

Model Complementarity: The Hidden Superpower

A surprising finding from the Echo project is how complementary open-weight models can be. As the developer noted: "A model that is clearly weaker overall can still be extremely useful on particular problems or as part of a combination."

This is the real unlock. Instead of finding one best model for all tasks, teams can route tasks to specialised models, combine outputs from multiple models for higher quality, and scale compute adaptively. Singapore developers already working with multi-model setups — as covered in the Singapore Developers' 2026 AI Toolkit — can extend this pattern by incorporating open-weight models as cost-efficient alternatives for sub-tasks.

Building Your AI Toolkit in Singapore

Infrastructure and Model Selection

Microsoft's US$5.5 billion investment in Singapore cloud and AI infrastructure (2024-2029) is a game-changer for open-weight model deployment. Local data centres mean lower latency, reduced egress costs, and easier compliance readiness for PDPA and MAS regulations. For teams needing GPU compute, RunPod and JarvisLabs both offer Singapore regions, while Lambda Labs expanded Asia-Pacific availability in 2026.

The open-weight landscape in July 2026 is diverse and rapidly improving. The strongest performers include GLM-5.2 (strong bilingual reasoning ideal for Singapore's multilingual workflows), Kimi K2.7 (excellent long-context capabilities for document analysis), Llama 4 from Meta (a strong general-purpose model with a large ecosystem), DeepSeek-V3 (excels at coding and logic tasks), and Qwen 2.5-72B (a solid all-rounder). The key insight from the Echo evaluation mix is that no single model dominates — a routing system that dynamically selects models per task consistently outperforms even the strongest individual model.

Security Is Non-Negotiable

The supply chain attack on Bitwarden's CLI tool — part of the ongoing Checkmarx campaign — serves as a critical reminder. Open-weight models themselves come with supply chain risks. Model provenance matters: always verify weights come from trusted sources like official Hugging Face repositories, check SHA256 checksums, and scan inference containers for vulnerabilities. Singapore's cybersecurity vigilance — including the recent blocking of 6 websites flagged for hostile information campaigns — reflects the seriousness of these threats.

For a deeper dive into securing your toolchain, see Securing Your Developer Toolkit.

Real-World Applications and Getting Started

Fintech, Traditional Sectors, and Education

For Singapore's MAS-regulated fintech sector, open-weight models offer a path to AI adoption without regulatory exposure. Local inference means AML screening models can run on-premises or in SG data centres, with full control over model versions and training data. This aligns with the regulatory trends covered in Singapore's New AI Data Rules — keeping data processing local while leveraging AI capabilities.

Beyond fintech, traditional sectors are also embracing AI. JTC developed an Evaluation Virtual Assistant for construction tender evaluation — a breakthrough in a traditionally conservative sector. AECOM built Singapore's first AI-enabled sustainable design optioneering ecosystem. Both examples use AI for structured decision-making, exactly the kind of task where open-weight models excel at eliminating per-call API costs while keeping sensitive government data secure.

On the education front, NTU's mandatory AI literacy programme (starting August 2026) with free Google AI tools signals Singapore's commitment to AI workforce readiness. Open-weight models lower the barrier further: students can experiment without API credits, educators can customise models for curriculum-specific tasks, and startups can prototype without upfront API costs. Singapore family offices eager to invest in AI — but lacking execution capability — can use open-weight models to build internal proof-of-concepts before committing to expensive proprietary solutions.

As of July 22, 2026, startup founders are urging the US government not to restrict Chinese open-weight AI models (source: Politico). This matters because many of the strongest open-weight options originate from Chinese labs. Singapore's position as a neutral tech hub makes it an ideal location for serving these models to Asia-Pacific users.

Challenges and Your Action Plan

While inference costs drop dramatically with open-weight models, you still need GPU compute. A 70B-parameter model requires at least 24GB VRAM for quantised inference (about $0.50-$2.00/hour on Singapore GPU rentals). The breakeven point depends on your usage volume — heavy users hitting 100K+ API calls per month will almost certainly save money self-hosting. Maintenance overhead is real but manageable, and with open-weight models, you control the upgrade timeline rather than being forced into vendor API changes.

Get started with this action plan:

1. Pick one task your team currently pays for via API — content classification, document summarisation, or code review
2. Deploy an open-weight model for that specific use case using a Singapore-based GPU provider
3. Measure the quality difference — track accuracy, latency, and total cost over a week
4. Scale from there — expand to more tasks once you've validated the approach

Chances are, like the Echo team discovered, you'll find the gap narrower than expected and the cost savings substantial. Singapore's AI advantage has never been about building the biggest model. It's about deploying the right tools efficiently. Open-weight models are now a critical part of that toolkit.

---

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial or investment advice. AI tools and models mentioned may have changed since publication. Always verify current capabilities and pricing before making decisions.

FAQ

Q: Are open-weight AI models as good as proprietary ones like GPT-5.5 or Claude Fable 5? A: For specific tasks, yes. The Echo project demonstrated that a pool of open-weight models can match Claude Fable 5's aggregate performance at roughly one-third the inference cost. No single open-weight model beats the frontier models across all tasks, but intelligent routing and ensembling narrows the gap significantly.

Q: What infrastructure do I need to run open-weight models in Singapore? A: You need GPU compute — either rented (Azure, RunPod, Lambda Labs all have Singapore regions) or self-hosted. A model like Llama 4 (70B) requires at least 24GB VRAM in quantised mode. Expect costs of $0.50-$2.00/hour for adequate GPU capacity in Singapore.

Q: Which open-weight models work best for Singapore-specific use cases? A: GLM-5.2 offers strong bilingual (Chinese-English) performance, making it ideal for Singapore's multilingual context. DeepSeek-V3 excels at coding tasks. Kimi K2.7 has excellent long-context capabilities for document analysis. The best approach is to test multiple models and route tasks to the strongest performer.

Q: Is it safe to download and use open-weight AI models? A: Yes, with precautions. Only download from trusted sources like official Hugging Face repositories. Verify SHA256 checksums. Scan inference containers for vulnerabilities. This is especially important following supply chain attacks like the Bitwarden CLI compromise.

Q: Will open-weight models get shut off due to US-China tensions? A: This is uncertain. As of July 2026, startup founders are actively urging the US not to restrict Chinese open-weight models. Singapore's neutral position provides more stability than most locations, but developers should stay informed about regulatory developments.

Singapore's New AI Data Rules Are Here: What Every Business Must Know (July 2026)

Singapore Tech

Singapore's New AI Data Rules Are Here: What Every Business Must Know (July 2026)

By TY → Tuesday, July 21, 2026

Photo by Tara Winstead from Pexels.

If you run a business in Singapore that uses customer data to train AI models, your compliance obligations just changed. On July 20, the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) announced that AI-specific notifications are now mandatory for organisations using personal data to train generative AI systems.

According to reporting from The Straits Times, this isn't a proposal or a consultation paper. It's law, effective immediately from July 20.

Here's what you need to know about Singapore's most significant AI governance update of 2026 — and why it matters alongside other major developments like the SAF's quantum computing push, AI-driven GDP growth, and the global race for AI dominance.

What the New PDPC Rules Actually Require

The advisory guidelines, released by PDPC following a month-long public consultation that ran from June 2 to July 1, introduce a clear principle: organisations must inform consumers when their personal data is used to train generative AI models.

Minister for Digital Development and Information Josephine Teo announced the move at the Singapore Data Festival (formerly Personal Data Protection Week), framing it squarely around accountability. "As more organisations develop, adapt or deploy generative AI tools, we must address the question of accountability," she said.

What counts as personal data? Names, phone numbers, email addresses, voice recordings, photographs, biometric information, financial and transaction records — the full scope of what PDPA has always covered.

The rationale, as explained by PDPC, is straightforward: there are genuine risks that sensitive personal data — like children's data, health records, and credit information — could be exposed or reconstructed from generative AI models. And once data is used to train a model, removing or correcting it becomes extremely difficult.

What Businesses Need to Do

While AI-specific notifications are mandatory, PDPC has taken a pragmatic approach to implementation:

• No prescribed format: Companies can use in-app pop-ups, dedicated webpages, or existing privacy policy updates
• Call centres using call recordings for AI training: A privacy policy or script update will suffice
• Anonymised data: No notification required if personal data has been properly anonymised
• Non-discrimination: Organisations cannot deny services to consumers who say no to AI training

This flexibility matters for Singapore's diverse business landscape. A fintech startup in the CBD and a traditional retailer using AI for customer analytics both need to comply — but they can do so in ways that suit their specific customer relationships.

The Chatbot Information Card

Beyond notifications, PDPC also released voluntary guidelines urging AI chatbot providers to disclose information about their systems' capabilities, limitations, reliability, and safety measures. The most innovative element is the "chatbot information card" — think of it like a medicinal product label, but for AI assistants.

Minister Teo explained the problem: "The information usually exists. But it is scattered across terms of service, privacy notices and other documents, and is often either too simplistic or too technical for ordinary users."

The chatbot information card aims to fix this by putting key information about any AI assistant — from general-purpose GPT-style chatbots to specialised banking assistants — in a single, accessible place.

Why the Timing Matters: Singapore's AI Balancing Act

The PDPC announcement didn't happen in isolation. The same week, several other developments revealed the full picture of Singapore's AI strategy.

AI-Driven Growth Is Real

According to official data from the Ministry of Trade and Industry, Singapore's Q2 2026 GDP grew 5.7%, powered substantially by AI-fuelled manufacturing which surged 12.2%. Data from The Business Times confirms that economists have lifted Singapore's 2026 growth outlook after Q2 GDP beat expectations, with key exports rising 20.7% in June.

But there are early warning signs flagged by the IMF concerning potential "bust risk" and labour disruption from rapid AI deployment. And separate reports from industry analysts show that infrastructure challenges are hindering Singaporean organisations from scaling AI initiatives — the demand is there, but the pipes aren't fully built.

SAF Explores Quantum Computing

On July 21 — the day after the PDPC announcement — IBM, the SAF's Digital and Intelligence Service (DIS), and the Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA) announced a collaboration to explore quantum computing for military applications, according to The Straits Times.

The potential uses, as described by officials, are striking: optimising mission planning for unmanned drones, routing supply trucks across thousands of possible combinations, and accelerating the development of more sophisticated AI models. As ME7 Guo Jinghua, commander of SAF's C4 and Digitalisation Command, put it: "There is significant advantage in national security for us to see how we can apply quantum computing, even though it's still nascent."

This isn't just a defence story. Minister Teo, speaking at IBM Think Singapore, noted that ports and banks are also exploring quantum computing. OCBC Bank has been working with local universities on quantum algorithms for fraud detection, derivative pricing, and cryptography.

IBM's Ana Paula Assis, senior vice-president for IBM Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia-Pacific, captured the convergence perfectly: "They are not competing technologies; they are convergent. AI learning from quantum discoveries creates a powerful flywheel."

Workforce Wants AI Oversight

A survey by Alteryx, published alongside the week's announcements, found that 61% of Singapore data analysts favour keeping humans in the loop for AI oversight — the highest percentage globally. This suggests that Singapore's workforce isn't just adopting AI, but doing so with an eye on governance and accountability.

This aligns squarely with the PDPC's approach: facilitate AI adoption, but mandate transparency.

Global Context: The AI Landscape in Late July 2026

While Singapore was making its governance play, the global AI industry didn't pause. Several stories from the past week deserve mention because they directly affect Singapore's tech ecosystem.

OpenAI released a $230 keyboard for Codex — its first piece of dedicated hardware, launched amid a legal battle with Apple. The device suggests OpenAI believes AI developers need specialised input tools, not just software. For Singapore developers, it raises the question: will AI-native hardware become a new category?

Anthropic and Blackstone are betting the next trillion-dollar AI business isn't models — it's implementation. This validates what many Singapore enterprise developers have suspected: the real value in AI is in deployment, customisation, and integration, not just API access.

Jack Dorsey launched Buzz, a group chat platform designed for teams and their AI agents — essentially taking on Slack with an AI-first architecture. For Singapore's startup ecosystem, this signals that AI-native collaboration tools are becoming a real category worth watching.

Data centers are expected to use 4x more electricity by 2035, according to recent projections. This has direct implications for Singapore's data centre moratorium and energy planning. As AI demand surges, the environmental cost becomes harder to ignore.

What Singapore Businesses Should Do Right Now

1. Audit Your AI Training Data

If you're using customer data — call recordings, chat logs, transaction histories, support tickets — to train or fine-tune AI models, you need to review your notification practices immediately. Even if you're using third-party APIs (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google), if your data passes through those APIs for training purposes, the rules likely apply.

Action: Review your privacy policy. Is it clear about AI training use? Do you have in-app notifications where appropriate?

2. Build a Chatbot Information Card

Even though this is voluntary for now, the direction of travel is clear. Start drafting a simple, accessible information card for any AI assistant your business deploys.

Action: List what your AI can do, its limitations, what data it collects, and where customers can get human help.

3. Plan for Quantum (Even If It's Years Away)

The SAF-IBM quantum collaboration signals that Singapore is taking this seriously. Ports, banks, and the military are all exploring quantum applications.

Action: Build basic quantum literacy. IBM and NUS both offer introductory courses. Understanding the fundamentals now will pay dividends as quantum enters mainstream enterprise in the 2030s.

4. Don't Neglect AI Infrastructure

The reports about scaling challenges are real. If your organisation is struggling to move AI from prototype to production, you're not alone.

Action: Consider cloud-native architectures, edge AI for latency-sensitive workloads, and building redundancy into your AI supply chain.

Frequently Asked Questions

When exactly did the new AI notification rules take effect?

The PDPC advisory guidelines were announced and took effect on July 20, 2026. The rules are effective immediately, not phased in over time.

Do I need a separate AI-specific notification for every use of customer data?

No. If you already have a general privacy policy, you can update it to include clear information about AI training use. For call centres using call recordings, a script update or privacy policy notice is sufficient.

What happens if a customer says no to AI training?

Organisations cannot deny services to consumers who decline AI training. This is a key protection in the new guidelines, confirmed by PDPC.

Does this apply to completely anonymised data?

No. If personal data has been properly anonymised, AI-specific notifications are not required. However, the burden of proof for proper anonymisation rests with the organisation.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice. Not financial advice — consult a qualified professional for PDPC compliance guidance.

Your next steps this week: Review your AI data practices against the new PDPC guidelines. Bookmark the official PDPC advisory guidelines page. And keep watching the quantum space — the next 12 months are going to move fast.

What's remarkable about this moment is how coherent Singapore's AI strategy has become in practice. The same week that the PDPC mandates transparency in AI data use, the SAF and IBM push forward on quantum exploration, Q2 GDP data confirms AI-driven growth, and workforce surveys show Singaporeans want human oversight — you can see the entire framework working together: regulation that enables adoption, investment that drives capability, and a workforce that's engaged with the implications.

Singapore's approach — mandate transparency, invest in infrastructure, keep humans in the loop — is emerging as a model that balances innovation with protection. For a small, open economy that relies on trust as much as technology, that balance isn't optional. It's the whole game.

---

Internal Links:

• Previously on Singapore Developers' 2026 AI Toolkit: Secure AI-Powered Workflows
• Autonomous AI Attacks Are Now Real: What Singapore's Fintech Sector Must Know
• AI-Powered Workflow Tools Beyond Code: Singapore's Traditional Sector Revolution

Outbound Links:

• PDPC Advisory Guidelines on Use of Personal Data in AI Systems
• Smart Nation Singapore

Labels: AI Governance, Singapore Tech, PDPC, AI Regulation, Agent Researched

Singapore Developers' 2026 AI Toolkit: Secure AI-Powered Workflows

Singapore Tech

Singapore Developers' 2026 AI Toolkit: Secure AI-Powered Workflows

By TY → Thursday, July 16, 2026

/tmp/blog-final-tools.html

Singapore Tech

Autonomous AI Attacks Are Now Real: What Singapore's Fintech Sector Must Know (July 2026)

By TY → Tuesday, July 14, 2026

Autonomous AI Attacks Are Now Real: What Singapore's Fintech Sector Must Know (July 2026)

The era of AI-powered cyberattacks with minimal human input is no longer hypothetical — it's happening now. A major cybersecurity report published on July 14 reveals that AI tools have automated significant portions of cyber intrusions over the past 12 months, with some attacks running 80-90% autonomously. For Singapore's fintech sector, which manages billions in digital transactions daily, this isn't just a tech story — it's a regulatory and operational wake-up call.

Just days earlier, Singapore's Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) closed a public consultation on mandatory AI-specific data privacy notifications, signalling that regulators are moving as fast as the attackers. Here's what you need to know.

The Check Point Report: AI Attacks in the Wild

Check Point Research's 56-page report, released on July 14, 2026, documents something cybersecurity professionals have feared for years: AI that independently executes cyberattacks.

Autonomous AI cyberattacks are now a reality — a single operator with AI tools can breach government systems. (Royalty-free image from Pexels)

The report's most alarming case study involves a single attacker who used AI to breach nine Mexican government agencies, stealing 400 million records — covering tax data, civil registries, vehicle records, patient information, and electoral data — between late December 2025 and mid-February 2026.

The attacker used two AI tools in tandem:

• Anthropic's Claude Code to break into systems, move laterally across networks, and execute roughly 75% of the commands used to control compromised computers
• OpenAI's GPT-4.1 to analyse stolen data and identify the next targets and steps

"What has changed is that AI now does in minutes what used to take a skilled attacker hours or days, and at a fraction of the cost," said Lotem Finkelstein, VP of Check Point Research.

The Chinese-Linked Campaign

In a separate case disclosed by Anthropic in November 2025, a Chinese-linked cyberespionage group used Claude Code to target approximately 30 organisations across technology, finance, chemicals, and government sectors. The AI system carried out an estimated 80-90% of the operation — the first known case of a largely AI-run cyberespionage campaign.

The attackers bypassed Claude's safety guardrails by disguising the operation as legitimate cybersecurity work. The AI scanned victims' networks, identified vulnerabilities, broke into systems, stole login credentials, moved laterally, and analysed stolen data, while human operators mainly set objectives.

Singapore's Exposure: Fintech, AI, and Insider Risk

Singapore's position as a global fintech hub makes it an attractive target. With MAS regulating everything from digital banking to cryptocurrency trading, the attack surface is substantial.

The Check Point report found that in APAC, 2.88% of prompts entered into AI tools between January and May 2026 contained high-risk information — confidential corporate data or regulated data. While below the global average (3.33% in North America, 3.76% in Europe), it's still a significant risk.

For Singapore-based fintech companies, exposure multiplies through:

• AI-assisted coding tools that may inadvertently expose proprietary code
• Customer service AI trained on transaction data
• Automated trading systems that could become entry points
• PDPA compliance risks from accidental data exposure via AI

The Apple vs. OpenAI lawsuit filed July 10 underscores the insider threat dimension. Apple alleges over 400 former staffers now work at OpenAI, with two employees systematically stealing hardware trade secrets. For Singapore firms with proprietary fintech algorithms, robust data exit controls are essential — departing employees pose elevated risk in the AI talent war.

PDPC's Response: AI-Specific Data Privacy Rules

Singapore's regulators are moving. The PDPC's proposed advisory guidelines, which closed for public consultation on July 1, would require AI-specific notifications when personal data trains generative AI models:

• Transparency: Clear notifications replace broad "new product development" catch-alls
• Opt-out: Instructions for withdrawing consent from AI training
• Context: A social media platform building an AI image generator must tell users their photos may be used for training

Denise Wong, the PDPC's fifth commissioner appointed April 2026, told The Straits Times the authority is studying whether to be "more explicit in showing what are acceptable and non-acceptable situations" for AI-enabled devices.

For fintech firms, the implications are clear: AI model training logs must be auditable, customer consent workflows need AI-specific checkboxes, and data used for training must be separable from production data.

Five Actions for Singapore Businesses

1. Audit AI tool usage — Map every AI tool your team uses. Implement data loss prevention for sensitive inputs to external AI models.

2. Build AI governance now — With PDPC's AI notification rules incoming, start consent workflows. Document your AI training pipeline for audit readiness.

3. Strengthen data exit controls — Review offboarding processes, especially for staff working on proprietary AI models. The Apple-OpenAI case is a cautionary tale.

4. Red-team your AI defences — Test for prompt injection and jailbreak vulnerabilities. The Check Point report found that even when AI resisted attacks, workarounds existed.

5. Watch the regulatory pipeline — PDPC's consultation is the first of what will likely be multiple AI-specific data rules. Engage with industry consultations.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do autonomous AI attacks differ from traditional ones? Traditional attacks need skilled humans at each stage. AI automates reconnaissance, intrusion, lateral movement, and exfiltration — reducing time from hours to minutes and lowering expertise requirements.

Is Singapore specifically at risk? Yes. The MAS-regulated fintech ecosystem is high-value, and Securing Your Developer Toolkit: Supply Chain Risks in Singapore's AI Era covered earlier how supply chain risks compound this exposure.

What about the earlier Project Glasswing findings? AI-powered vulnerability discovery and AI-powered attacks are two sides of the same coin — as Project Glasswing: How AI Just Unearthed 10,000 Security Flaws showed, the same tools that find vulnerabilities can also exploit them.

When will PDPC's rules take effect? The public consultation closed July 1, 2026. Implementation timelines are pending, but early preparation is wise.

Get ready now. The convergence of autonomous AI attacks and tightening AI data privacy rules means 2026 is a watershed year for AI security. Singapore's fintech sector — at the intersection of high-value data, regulatory scrutiny, and rapid AI adoption — is ground zero.

The attackers no longer need large teams or deep expertise. As Check Point's Finkelstein put it: regulation alone isn't enough — technical controls, user awareness, and continuous monitoring are essential.

Here's your call to action: Start with the five-point plan above. The PDPC is already moving. Your compliance and security teams should too. Review your AI governance posture this week, not next month.

---

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or financial advice. Consult with your compliance team or legal counsel for specific guidance on AI governance requirements.

More reading: Securing Your Developer Toolkit: Supply Chain Risks in Singapore's AI Era · Project Glasswing: How AI Just Unearthed 10,000 Security Flaws · Agentic AI in 2026: The Next Wave of Enterprise Automation

Sources: The Straits Times (July 14, 2026 — Check Point report), The Straits Times (June 23, 2026 — PDPC proposal), Check Point Research (July 14, 2026), The Verge (July 10, 2026 — Apple v OpenAI), PDPC Official

Singapore Tech

AI-Powered Workflow Tools Beyond Code: Singapore's Traditional Sector Revolution (July 2026)

By TY → Thursday, July 9, 2026

AI-powered workflow tools are reshaping traditional industries in Singapore (Royalty-free image from Pexels)

AI-Powered Workflow Tools Beyond Code: Singapore's Traditional Sector Revolution (July 2026)

When most people think about AI-powered tools, they picture GitHub Copilot writing Python, or Claude generating code. And fair enough — that's where most of the buzz has been. But look closer at what's happening in Singapore right now, and a bigger story emerges: AI-powered workflow tools are quietly transforming industries that have nothing to do with software development.

From government agencies evaluating billion-dollar construction tenders to engineering firms optimising building designs for carbon footprint, the AI tool revolution is spreading far beyond the developer's terminal. And for Singapore professionals — whether you're in finance, construction, logistics, or compliance — understanding these tools isn't optional anymore.

If you're catching up on Singapore's broader AI landscape, our earlier post on Singapore's AI Summer of 2026 covers the national push toward AI adoption across sectors.

---

The Enterprise AI Tool Boom: Beyond the Developer

Microsoft's US$5.5 Billion Bet on Singapore

Let's start with the elephant in the room. According to the Business Times, Microsoft's US$5.5 billion investment in Singapore's cloud and AI infrastructure over 2024-2029 isn't just about giving developers better GPU access — it's about building a platform for enterprise AI tools across every sector. When a company of Microsoft's scale bets that much on a single market, the ripples touch everything from financial services to supply chain management.

What this means in practice: enterprise-grade AI tools that used to be confined to tech companies are becoming accessible to traditional businesses. A construction firm can now deploy AI-powered procurement analytics on Azure. A logistics company can integrate AI document processing without building custom infrastructure. The platform is being laid, and the tools riding on it are multiplying.

NTU's AI Literacy Mandate: The Workforce Signal

Starting August 2026, all NTU students — regardless of their major — must undergo mandatory AI literacy training, with free Google AI tools provided, as reported by the Straits Times. This is a powerful signal. Singapore isn't just training more AI specialists; it's ensuring that every graduate, whether they're studying business, engineering, or the humanities, can use AI-powered tools effectively in their field.

This is the brain drain reversal play. When a marketing graduate knows how to use AI analytics tools, and a civil engineering graduate can work with AI-assisted design software, Singapore's entire workforce becomes more competitive. The tools themselves are just the enabler — the literacy is what unlocks value.

This ties directly into Singapore's SkillsFuture-powered upskilling push, which we covered in The AI Education Divide.

For the official NTU announcement on this mandate, refer to the Straits Times coverage.

---

Real-World Case Studies: AI Tools in Singapore's Traditional Sectors

JTC's Evaluation Virtual Assistant

The Jurong Town Corporation (JTC), Singapore's leading industrial infrastructure developer, built something genuinely innovative: an AI-powered Evaluation Virtual Assistant for construction tenders.

This matters because construction procurement is notoriously bureaucratic. Tender evaluation involves hundreds of criteria, compliance checks, and cross-referencing across multiple documents. Traditionally, this took weeks of manual work by experienced procurement officers. JTC's AI assistant automates the grunt work — document matching, compliance verification, initial scoring — while flagging anomalies for human review.

The result? Faster tender cycles, fewer errors, and procurement officers freed to focus on strategic decisions rather than paperwork. It's a verified case of workflow tool AI: not replacing humans, but removing the tedium so they can do higher-value work.

AECOM's AI-Enabled Sustainable Design

AECOM built Singapore's first AI-enabled sustainable design optioneering ecosystem, as confirmed by Business Times reporting. In plain English: an AI tool that helps architects and engineers explore thousands of design options and rank them by environmental performance.

Traditional sustainable design is slow. You sketch an option, run simulations, refine, repeat. AECOM's AI tool flips this: the AI generates and evaluates design variants across multiple sustainability parameters simultaneously — energy efficiency, carbon footprint, material costs, thermal comfort. The design team then picks the best options for detailed development.

This isn't about AI drawing buildings. It's about AI-powered workflow tools giving professionals better data, faster, so they make more informed decisions. The result is clearer, evidence-based recommendations for clients and genuinely better buildings.

Family Offices and the AI Execution Gap

Singapore's family offices are eager to invest in AI — but many lack the execution capability to do so effectively, as reported by Business Times, while regulated entities must adhere to MAS guidelines. This creates a fascinating opportunity for AI-powered portfolio and operational tools.

Consider the compliance burden: Singapore family offices face increasingly complex regulatory requirements under MAS oversight. AI-powered compliance tools — document review, transaction monitoring, regulatory reporting — can dramatically reduce the manual effort involved. Similarly, AI investment analysis tools can help family offices screen opportunities, model scenarios, and generate reports that would take analysts days to produce.

The gap isn't in AI interest — it's in AI tool adoption. And as more enterprise-grade tools become available through platforms like Microsoft's expanding Singapore infrastructure, that gap is narrowing fast.

---

The Security Dimension: More Tools, More Risk

The Bitwarden Supply Chain Wake-Up Call

The April 2026 Bitwarden CLI compromise as part of the Checkmarx supply chain campaign — which reached #2 on Hacker News with 660 points — was a sharp reminder: every tool you add to your workflow is a potential attack vector. For Singapore professionals adopting AI-powered tools at an accelerating pace, this is not academic.

Supply chain security — verifying that the tools you rely on haven't been compromised — is becoming a core competency, not a niche concern. When even a mainstream password manager's CLI tool can be compromised, every AI plugin, every SaaS integration, every workflow automation tool needs scrutiny.

We covered this in detail in Securing Your Developer Toolkit, which remains essential reading for any Singapore professional building an AI-powered workflow.

Singapore's Cybersecurity Vigilance

The Singapore government's decision to block 6 websites flagged for potential hostile information campaigns (April 2026, as reported by Straits Times) underscores the seriousness with which the nation treats digital security. For businesses adopting AI tools, this means:

• Vendor due diligence: Is your AI tool provider MAS-compliant? PDPA-compliant?
• Data residency: Are your AI workflows processing data within Singapore? (Critical for financial services and regulated industries)
• Supply chain audits: Who built the AI model? What data was it trained on? What third-party dependencies does it have?

Meta's 10% Workforce Cut: The Efficiency Signal

Meta's decision to cut 10% of its workforce in April 2026, driven in part by AI and automation efficiency gains, signals a broader shift. As reported on Bloomberg via Hacker News, this wasn't about cost-cutting alone — it was about restructuring for an AI-augmented future. For Singapore professionals, the takeaway is clear: roles that can be augmented (or replaced) by AI workflow tools will face pressure. The hedge is to become the person who uses these tools effectively.

---

Building Your AI Tool Stack: A Singapore Professional's Framework

Identify the Bottleneck, Not the Trend

The best AI tool is the one that solves a specific problem in your workflow. For a family office, that might be compliance document review. For a construction firm, tender evaluation. For a financial advisor, client report generation. Start with the pain point, not the technology.

Evaluate Security First

Given supply chain concerns and Singapore's regulatory environment, security evaluation should precede functionality evaluation. Key questions:

• Is the tool hosted on Singapore infrastructure?
• What certifications does the provider have?
• How is your data handled, stored, and deleted?
• Is the tool provider MAS-compliant if handling financial data?

Build AI Literacy in Your Team

NTU's mandate points to a broader truth: the tools change constantly, but literacy endures. Invest in training your team — not just on one tool, but on the principles of effective AI use: prompt engineering, output verification, bias awareness, and security hygiene. SkillsFuture offers subsidised courses that can help.

Start Small, Scale Fast

JTC and AECOM didn't bet the company on untested AI. They built targeted tools for specific workflows, proved the value, and then scaled. Follow the same pattern: pick one workflow, build a pilot, measure results, then expand.

---

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the best AI-powered workflow tools for Singapore professionals in 2026?

The answer depends on your industry. For construction and engineering, tools like JTC's Evaluation Assistant or AECOM's sustainable design platform set the standard. For financial services, AI compliance monitoring and portfolio analysis tools are gaining traction. The common thread: tools that automate document-heavy, repetitive workflows while keeping humans in the decision loop.

How is the Singapore government supporting AI tool adoption beyond tech?

Through multiple channels: MAS encourages AI adoption in financial services through regulatory sandboxes; JTC's own AI tool development shows public-sector leadership; NTU's mandatory AI literacy mandate ensures graduates can use tools effectively; and Microsoft's US$5.5 billion investment expands the infrastructure platforms these tools run on.

What security risks should I consider when adopting AI workflow tools?

Three critical risks: (1) Supply chain attacks — compromised tools can introduce malware or data exfiltration, as the Bitwarden/Checkmarx incident demonstrated. (2) Data leakage — AI tools processing sensitive Singapore business data need proper data residency and handling per PDPA requirements. (3) Regulatory compliance — particularly for MAS-regulated entities, AI tool adoption must meet governance requirements.

Are AI workflow tools replacing jobs in Singapore?

The evidence suggests tools are transforming roles rather than eliminating them. Meta's 10% workforce cut (April 2026) was driven partly by AI efficiency, but Singapore's approach — particularly NTU's literacy mandate and public-sector AI tool development — is focused on augmenting human capability. The more realistic scenario: professionals who use AI tools effectively will outperform those who don't.

Where can I learn more about AI-powered tools for my industry?

Start with industry-specific resources: for construction, look at JTC and BCA initiatives; for financial services, MAS' AI adoption guidelines and the Singapore FinTech Association; for broader AI literacy, NTU's free Google AI tools initiative and SkillsFuture courses are excellent starting points.

---

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional advice. Tool adoption decisions should be made based on your specific circumstances and professional consultation. AI-powered tools should be evaluated for security, compliance, and suitability before adoption.

---

Sources:

• Straits Times — Singapore blocks 6 websites for hostile information campaigns (April 24, 2026)
• Business Times — Microsoft US$5.5B Singapore AI investment (2024-2029) and family offices AI investment
• Hacker News — Bitwarden CLI compromised in Checkmarx supply chain campaign (April 2026), GPT-5.5 release, Meta 10% job cuts
• Straits Times — NTU AI literacy mandatory from August 2026
• Business Times — JTC AI Evaluation Virtual Assistant, AECOM AI-enabled sustainable design ecosystem

Agentic AI in 2026: The Next Wave of Enterprise Automation in Singapore

Singapore Tech

Agentic AI in 2026: The Next Wave of Enterprise Automation in Singapore

By TY → Tuesday, July 7, 2026

Image: AI digital network concept (Pexels)

Agentic AI in 2026: Why Singapore Professionals Need to Pay Attention to the Next Wave of Enterprise Automation

If you've used ChatGPT or Gemini lately, you've experienced generative AI. But 2026 is shaping up to be the year AI stops just answering questions and starts doing work. Welcome to the era of Agentic AI — where AI systems don't just respond to prompts, but autonomously plan, execute, and complete complex workflows.

For Singapore professionals, this shift has real implications. From banks like DBS deploying customer-facing AI agents to government agencies using AI to analyse at-risk families, the agent economy is arriving on our shores. If you've been following our AI tools guide for Singapore professionals, this is the natural next chapter. Here's what's happening and why you should care.

What Is Agentic AI — and Why 2026 Is the Breakout Year

The simplest way to understand agentic AI is this: instead of a chatbot that waits for your question, an AI agent is like a proactive virtual co-worker. It can break down a goal into steps, use tools (APIs, databases, other software), iterate based on results, and complete entire processes with minimal human supervision.

Forbes contributor Bernard Marr identified agentic platforms as the number one enterprise tech trend for 2026, calling them "the next stage in the evolution of enterprise AI." Gartner's 2026 Hype Cycle for Agentic AI confirms that these platforms are rapidly moving from experimental to productive use across industries.

Why now? Several factors converged in 2025-2026:

• Foundation model maturity: Models like GPT-4o, Claude 3.5/4, and Gemini 2.0 have become reliable enough for autonomous action
• Tool-use standards: The rise of MCP (Model Context Protocol) and similar standards let AI agents safely interact with real business systems
• Cost efficiency: Token pricing dropped dramatically, making agent loops economically viable
• Enterprise readiness: Major platforms (Salesforce Agentforce, Microsoft Copilot Studio, Google Vertex AI Agent Builder) now offer low-code agent deployment with governance controls

Real-World Agentic AI Use Cases

Financial Services (Singapore's Sweet Spot)

Singapore's position as a global financial hub makes it a natural testing ground for agentic AI. DBS has been experimenting with AI agents that handle account inquiries, transaction monitoring, and personalised wealth recommendations. OCBC's chatbot evolved into a multi-step assistant that can actually process requests across systems.

Beyond customer service, agentic AI is being deployed for:

• Compliance monitoring: Agents that continuously scan transactions and flag suspicious patterns
• Report generation: Automated creation of regulatory reports with cross-system data gathering
• Trade settlement: Multi-step processes where agents coordinate across payment rails, custody systems, and settlement platforms

Government & Public Sector

Singapore's Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) announced a $15 million investment in new tech solutions, including using AI to analyse at-risk families and recommend interventions. This is a classic agentic workflow: the AI doesn't just flag concerns — it can gather data across agencies, assess risk levels, and recommend coordinated support plans.

Healthcare

Singapore's public healthcare clusters (SingHealth, NUHS, NHG) are exploring AI agents that:

• Coordinate patient appointment scheduling across multiple specialists
• Monitor discharge planning and follow-up care
• Flag potential adverse drug interactions from prescription data
• Manage inventory across hospital supply chains

Enterprise Operations

According to IDC, by the end of 2026, AI copilots will be embedded in 80% of enterprise workplace applications. This means agents helping with:

• Legal: Drafting and reviewing contracts, checking compliance
• HR: Processing leave applications, answering policy questions, onboarding
• Software engineering: Automated code review, deployment, and testing
• Supply chain: Real-time inventory optimisation and supplier coordination

The Numbers Don't Lie

The scale of AI adoption in 2026 is staggering:

• ChatGPT hit 900 million weekly active users as of February 2026 (Harvard Business Review)
• Google Gemini surpassed 750 million monthly active users
• OpenAI's valuation reached $852 billion in its latest funding round (Forbes, March 2026)
• 70% of enterprises will use Industry Cloud Platforms by end of 2026 (Gartner)
• NVIDIA Nemotron powered 145 AI research papers at ICML 2026 alone
• Global HPC for AI market projected to hit $210.72 billion by 2035 (Precedence Research)

These aren't vanity metrics. The user numbers reflect how deeply AI has embedded into daily work. The valuation and market projections reflect where investors and enterprises are placing their bets.

What Agentic AI Means for Singapore

1. Productivity Multiplier for SMEs

Singapore's SME sector — which makes up 99% of enterprises — stands to benefit enormously. Low-code agent platforms mean you don't need a team of AI engineers. A small business owner could deploy an agent to handle customer enquiries, manage inventory reordering, and even generate marketing content — all through a visual interface.

2. Regulatory Leadership

Singapore is ahead of the curve on AI governance. The AI Verify framework, developed by IMDA and PDPC, provides a testing toolkit for responsible AI. For agentic AI specifically, Singapore's Model AI Governance Framework offers guidance that balances innovation with consumer protection.

The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has also been proactive through its Veritas initiative, which helps financial institutions validate their AI models for fairness, ethics, accountability, and transparency — all critical when AI agents start making autonomous decisions.

3. Talent and Skills

The rise of agentic AI will reshape the job market — but not necessarily in the way headlines suggest. A Boston Consulting Group report (April 2026) found that AI will reshape more jobs than it replaces. The key skills in demand will be:

• AI orchestration: Designing and managing workflows where humans and agents collaborate
• Prompt engineering (evolved): Moving from single prompts to agent system design
• Governance and ethics: Ensuring autonomous systems work within regulatory boundaries
• Integration: Connecting AI agents to legacy enterprise systems

SkillsFuture credits can be used for relevant courses, and institutions like NUS, NTU, and SMU are incorporating agentic AI into their curriculum.

4. Infrastructure and Data Centres

Singapore's push to expand data centre capacity — including the new 300MW+ facilities in Jurong and plans for Johor cross-border data parks — directly supports the compute demands of agentic AI. For every AI agent interaction, there's inference compute happening somewhere. Singapore is positioning itself as the infrastructure hub for Southeast Asia's AI boom.

Challenges to Watch

Agentic AI isn't without risks. Three areas deserve attention:

Security and Trust: Autonomous agents with API access create new attack surfaces. The zero-trust edge approach — where security is baked into every device and API endpoint — becomes essential.

Job Displacement Fears: While BCG's research suggests more reshaping than replacement, certain roles (data entry, basic customer service, routine compliance checks) will see significant automation. The Singapore government's push for continuous upskilling via SkillsFuture is the right response.

Governance Gaps: As UN Secretary-General António Guterres warned recently, AI is developing faster than rules can keep up. Agentic AI — where machines make autonomous decisions — amplifies this concern. Singapore's calibrated approach to AI regulation, with sector-specific guidelines from MAS, IMDA, and others, provides a model worth watching.

What You Should Do in H2 2026

• Experiment with agent platforms: Try building a simple agent workflow using Claude, ChatGPT with tools, or a dedicated platform like Agentforce. The learning curve is gentler than you think.
• Audit your workflows: Look at repetitive multi-step processes in your work. If it involves gathering data from 3+ sources, making a decision, and taking action, it's a candidate for agentic AI.
• Review governance: If you're in a regulated sector (finance, healthcare), start mapping how your compliance framework applies to autonomous AI agents. The frameworks are evolving fast.
• Invest in skills: Use SkillsFuture credits for AI-related courses. NUS-ISS offers practical agentic AI modules relevant to Singapore's regulatory environment.
• Follow the regulators: Keep an eye on MAS circulars and IMDA updates regarding AI governance. The regulatory landscape in Singapore is supportive but expect new guidelines specifically for agentic systems.

The Bottom Line

Agentic AI represents a genuine leap forward — not just better chatbots, but machines that can actually do things. For Singapore, a small nation that has always punched above its weight through technology and human capital, this is both an opportunity and a challenge.

The businesses and professionals who start experimenting with agentic AI today will be the ones leading their industries in 2027. As with prior technology waves — from cloud computing to the digitisation of Singapore's financial sector — the winners won't be the ones with the most advanced AI systems; they'll be the ones who figure out how to put them to work effectively.

This article was researched using current sources including Forbes, Harvard Business Review, Gartner, and The Straits Times. All metrics cited are attributed to their original sources. Not financial advice. Consult a qualified professional for investment or business decisions.

SSB

Singapore T-Bill Demand Is Cooling: What Lower Bid-to-Cover Ratios Mean for Investors (July 2026)

By TY → Sunday, July 5, 2026

Financial market analysis — Singapore T-Bill and SSB investment strategy for July 2026. (Royalty-free image from Pexels)

Singapore T-Bill Demand Is Cooling: What Lower Bid-to-Cover Ratios Mean for Investors (July 2026)

Singapore T-Bills have been the darling of conservative investors since 2022, offering safe, predictable returns backed by the Singapore Government. But the July 2026 auction of the 6-month T-bill (BS26113X) revealed a telling shift: the bid-to-cover ratio dropped to 2.00, down from 2.36 just two weeks prior. While the cut-off yield inched up to 1.50% p.a. — a new 2026 high — the declining demand signals a market in transition. For Singapore investors building their fixed-income strategy, understanding what this cooling demand means is critical to making smarter decisions in the second half of 2026.

In short: Singapore T-Bill demand is softening, but yields are still climbing — and that creates interesting opportunities for the informed investor.

What the July 2026 T-Bill Auction Reveals and Why Demand Is Cooling

According to data from MAS.gov.sg and iLoveSSB.com, the latest 6-month T-bill auction (BS26113X, announced 2 July 2026) painted a mixed picture. MAS offered S$8.7 billion in T-bills and total applications reached S$17.4 billion — still 2x oversubscribed, but down from 2.36x in mid-June.

Key Auction Metrics

Metric	BS26112T (18 Jun)	BS26113X (2 Jul)	Change
Cut-off yield	1.47% p.a.	1.50% p.a.	+3 bps
Cut-off price	S$99.258	S$99.252	Lower
Bid-to-cover ratio	2.36	2.00	-15%
Total applied	S$17.2B	S$17.4B	Stable
Competitive allotment at cut-off	~33%	~45%	Higher

The cut-off yield rose 3 basis points to 1.50% p.a., the highest since February 2026. Meanwhile, the bid-to-cover ratio dropped from 2.36 to 2.00.

Why Demand Is Cooling

Several factors verified against MAS official data explain this shift:

Competition from SSBs and SGS Bonds. The Singapore Savings Bond SBAUG26 offers a 10-year average return of 2.06% p.a., with step-up interest reaching 2.72% by Year 10. For investors with a longer horizon, SSBs are increasingly attractive relative to T-bills.

Cash deployment elsewhere. With Singapore equities and global markets showing more activity in mid-2026, some retail investors who piled into T-bills during the 3.7% yield days of late 2023 may be rotating back into riskier assets.

Normalisation after the 2022–2024 spike. T-bill yields surged from near-zero to over 4% in late 2023, attracting unprecedented demand. As yields settle in the 1.3–1.5% range, the frenzy has naturally subsided.

What Lower Demand Means for Your Investment Strategy and H2 2026 Outlook

The cooling demand isn't necessarily bad news — according to auction data from iLoveSSB.com, it creates some distinct advantages for retail investors.

Better Allotment for Everyone

When demand was red-hot in 2023–2024, non-competitive bidders were frequently rationed. In the July 2026 auction, non-competitive applications received 100% allotment, and competitive bids at the cut-off yield saw ~45% allotment (up from ~33% in June). If you're applying for T-bills via DBS, OCBC, or UOB, you're far more likely to deploy your full investment amount.

Yields Still Trending Up

Despite cooling demand, yields are rising — not falling. The 6-month SGS benchmark yield was trending at 1.46% in late June and rose to 1.49% by July 2. If you've been waiting on the sidelines, the trend is in your favour. The next auction (BS26114W on 16 July 2026) will be a key indicator.

The Yield Trajectory So Far

According to iLoveSSB.com data, here's the 6-month T-bill yield trend in 2026:

• February: 1.36% → March: 1.37% to 1.46% → April: 1.47% to 1.40%
• May: 1.40% to 1.45% → June: 1.48% to 1.47% → July: 1.50%

The trend is gently rising within a ~10-basis-point band. The 1.50% level is the highest since late February.

Three Indicators to Watch for H2 2026

1. US Federal Reserve Policy. MAS tracks US interest rates through the SGS benchmark mechanism. If the Fed holds steady, Singapore T-bill yields will likely stay in the 1.4–1.6% range.

2. SGS Benchmark Spreads. The 6-month SGS benchmark was at 1.49% on 2 July. The 5-year SGS bond (NX21100N) cut-off yield was 1.75% on 26 June. Watching this spread helps predict T-bill direction.

3. SSB Issuance Trends. The next SSB (SBSEP26) is projected to offer a higher 10-year average return than SBAUG26's 2.06%, potentially shifting more T-bill demand toward SSBs.

T-Bills vs SSB: Choose the Right Tool for Your Horizon

With T-bill yields at 1.50% and SSB SBAUG26 offering a 2.06% average return, the decision framework is clearer than ever.

Short-Term Cash (6–12 Months): T-Bills Win

If you need liquidity within the next year, T-bills remain the superior choice — beating most fixed deposit rates (1.0–1.2% for 6-month tenors) with capital guarantee.

Key advantages:

• Maturity in 6 months — aligns with short-term savings goals
• Can use CPF OA and SRS — MAS confirms both are eligible
• S$1,000 minimum — accessible to most investors

For a more detailed comparison, see our Singapore T-Bills vs Fixed Deposits 2026 guide.

Medium-Term Horizon (2–10 Years): SSB Wins

The 10-year average return of 2.06% p.a. beats T-bills by 56 basis points, and the step-up structure means your effective yield increases the longer you hold — reaching 2.72% by Year 10.

What makes SSBs particularly attractive, as confirmed by MAS:

• Capital guaranteed — backed by the Singapore Government's AAA credit rating
• Monthly redemption with no penalty — exit any time after Year 1
• Tax-exempt interest — both interest and capital gains are tax-free
• S$200,000 max individual holding

Application for SBAUG26 closes on 28 July 2026. For a full breakdown, see our Singapore T-Bill at 1.50% and SSB at 2.06%: July 2026 Comparison Guide.

The Hybrid Strategy: Build a Government Bond Ladder

Rather than choosing one, consider a bond ladder:

1. Tranche 1 (0–6 months): 6-month T-bill for immediate liquidity
2. Tranche 2 (6–18 months): Roll over T-bills for short-term yield
3. Tranche 3 (2–10 years): SSB SBAUG26 for medium-term step-up growth

This approach keeps everything government-guaranteed while diversifying maturity dates. We detail this in Building a Singapore Government Bond Ladder in July 2026.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is 1.50% a good T-bill yield in 2026?

A: In the current environment, yes. According to iLoveSSB.com data, it's the highest 6-month T-bill yield since February 2026 and beats most fixed deposits. For a risk-free, government-backed investment, 1.50% is competitive.

Q: Can I invest in T-bills using CPF OA or SRS?

A: Yes, both are eligible. MAS confirms T-bills can be purchased with CPF OA and SRS funds — an excellent option for deploying idle CPF cash.

Q: Should I apply competitively or non-competitively?

A: Currently, non-competitive applications receive 100% allotment, so there's little reason to submit a competitive bid unless you have a specific target yield. Non-competitive ensures you get the cut-off yield at 1.50%.

Q: When is the next T-bill and SSB deadline?

A: The next 6-month T-bill auction (BS26114W) is on 16 July 2026. SSB SBAUG26 closes on 28 July 2026. Check the MAS auction calendar for the full schedule.

Q: Should I be worried about falling T-bill demand?

A: Not at all. A bid-to-cover ratio of 2.00 is still healthy — applications double the amount offered. The decline from 2.36 actually benefits retail investors with better allotment and more predictable yields. It reflects normalisation, not weakness.

Conclusion and Next Steps

The cooling T-bill demand in July 2026 isn't a reason to avoid T-bills — it makes them more accessible with better allotment odds and more predictable yields. At 1.50% p.a., T-bills remain an excellent vehicle for short-term cash, and paired with SSB SBAUG26 at 2.06%, Singapore investors have a robust government-guaranteed fixed-income strategy at their disposal.

Here's your call to action: If you have cash earning negligible interest in a bank account, apply for the next T-bill auction on 16 July. For medium-term savings, submit your SBAUG26 application before the 28 July deadline via your DBS, OCBC, or UOB internet banking. And for the full-year picture, read our Singapore T-Bill Yield Analysis 2026.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice. The information is based on publicly available MAS and iLoveSSB data as of July 2026. Past performance and historical yields do not guarantee future results. Please consult a licensed financial advisor for personalised advice tailored to your financial situation. Investing involves risk, including potential loss of principal.

Singapore Developers' 2026 AI Toolkit: GPT-5.5 and What Works

Singapore Tech

Singapore Developers' 2026 AI Toolkit: GPT-5.5 and What Works

By TY → Thursday, July 2, 2026

Developer leveraging AI tools for coding. (Royalty-free image from Pexels)

Singapore Developers' 2026 AI Toolkit: GPT-5.5, Infrastructure, and What Actually Works

Two things happened in mid-2026 that reshaped the developer tools landscape: OpenAI released GPT-5.5, and Anthropic's Claude Fable 5 went mainstream in Singapore. Within weeks, the question shifted from "should I use AI coding tools?" to "which stack is right for my team?" This post walks through the AI tools and developer toolkit that Singapore professionals actually need in this new era — grounded in real infrastructure investment, verified model capabilities, and the security realities of 2026.

Singapore is uniquely positioned. Microsoft committed US$5.5 billion to expand cloud and AI infrastructure here (2024–2029). NTU will mandate AI literacy for all students from August 2026. And family offices are pouring capital into AI ventures. But with opportunity comes complexity: supply chain attacks on tools like Bitwarden CLI, Meta cutting 10% of its workforce for AI-driven efficiency, and Singapore blocking websites flagged for hostile information campaigns all underscore that a modern tool stack needs security and discernment, not just capability.

---

The AI Model Duopoly and Singapore's Infrastructure Bet

GPT-5.5 vs Claude Fable 5 for Singapore Developers

Released in late April 2026, OpenAI's GPT-5.5 hit 1,124 points on Hacker News on its debut day — the #1 trending story. The latest iteration brings meaningful improvements in code generation accuracy, multi-step reasoning, and context window management. For Singapore developers, the practical implications include fewer hallucinations in production code (critical for MAS/PDPA-regulated environments), better long-context handling for multi-file codebases, and API pricing pressure that makes AI-assisted development viable for startups and SMEs.

Anthropic's Claude Fable 5 launched in Singapore earlier in 2026, offering a genuine alternative. Its stronger reasoning transparency appeals to regulated code review pipelines, while its safety-first architecture matters for developers building in MAS-regulated environments where model behaviour must be auditable.

The smartest Singapore teams are building model-agnostic workflows: use GPT-5.5 for rapid prototyping and code generation (faster output), and Claude Fable 5 for code review, security analysis, and compliance documentation. Abstract the model layer so you can switch as pricing and capability evolve.

Microsoft's $5.5 Billion Foundation

Microsoft's US$5.5 billion investment in Singapore from 2024 to 2029 (Business Times, April 2026) is one of the largest single tech commitments in Southeast Asia. The funds target cloud infrastructure expansion (more Azure data centre capacity means lower latency for AI workloads), AI talent development through local university partnerships, and ecosystem enablement making Azure's AI stack more accessible to Singapore-based developers.

This directly impacts your toolchain. If you're building on Azure AI services, expect faster response times and better regional pricing. If you're building on other clouds, competitive pressure benefits everyone. As covered in our earlier post on Singapore's AI Paradox, the gap between infrastructure investment and actual adoption remains wide — presenting opportunity for developers who bridge it.

NTU's AI Literacy Mandate

From August 2026, all Nanyang Technological University students must complete AI literacy modules, with free Google AI tools provided (Straits Times, April 2026). This means the next wave of Singapore developers entering the workforce will have baseline AI competency — a contrast to markets where AI education remains optional. For established developers, this raises the bar: AI tool proficiency is becoming table stakes, not a differentiator.

---

Security and Practical Toolchain Recommendations

The Bitwarden Wake-Up Call for Singapore Teams

In April 2026, the Bitwarden CLI was compromised as part of an ongoing Checkmarx supply chain campaign (Hacker News, #2 trending with 660 points). For Singapore developers, this is the most relevant security incident of 2026. Singapore's MAS and PDPA regulations mean compromised developer tools can trigger regulatory liability, not just technical headaches. Password manager CLI tools are widely used by DevOps teams for automation in CI/CD pipelines and secrets management.

Every developer toolkit in 2026 needs a security layer:

• Pin your dependencies: Use lockfiles aggressively. The Bitwarden compromise was possible because teams auto-updated without verification.
• Audit your supply chain: Tools like Snyk and GitHub Dependabot should be mandatory, not optional.
• Assume compromise: Design workflows assuming any single tool could be compromised. Secrets rotation policies, multi-factor auth, and isolated build environments are essential.
• Singapore-specific compliance: If you're handling financial data, your toolchain audit trail must satisfy MAS guidelines (MAS Technology Risk Management). This is non-negotiable.

Building Your 2026 Developer Toolkit

Based on the mid-2026 landscape, here's a practical framework:

AI Coding Assistants

• GitHub Copilot (with GPT-5.5 backend) for real-time code completion
• Claude Fable 5 for architecture reviews and security analysis
• A local model (Llama 3 or Mistral) for offline or air-gapped work

Infrastructure & Cloud

• Azure OpenAI Service (leveraging Microsoft's Singapore infrastructure for lowest latency)
• Evaluate AWS Bedrock and GCP Vertex AI as alternatives for pricing arbitrage
• Consider Singapore-based AI inference providers for latency-sensitive workloads

Security

• Password manager with local vault option (avoid CLI-only setups after the Bitwarden incident)
• Dependency scanning in CI/CD pipeline (Snyk, Socket.dev)
• Regular dependency audits tied to your deployment cadence

CI/CD & Automation

• AI-assisted code review integrated into PR workflows
• Automated security scanning gate before merge
• Infrastructure-as-code with AI-generated templates (always reviewed by humans)

What to Watch Next

Several trends will shape the toolkit in late 2026:

• Agent-based coding: AI agents that autonomously complete tasks are rising. See our guide on AI Agents for Developer Workflows.
• Supply chain regulation: Expect Singapore regulators to eventually address software supply chain security, following global trends.
• AI-augmented testing: JTC's AI Evaluation Virtual Assistant for construction tenders (Business Times) shows how even traditional sectors are adopting AI for evaluation workflows.
• The no-code floor rising: As noted in our Singapore's Two-Pronged AI Bet post, no-code tools are raising the baseline. Developers need to focus on what AI can't do yet.

---

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the best AI coding assistant for Singapore developers in 2026?
There's no single winner. GitHub Copilot with GPT-5.5 offers fast code completion, while Claude Fable 5 excels at code review and security analysis. Many Singapore teams use both, switching based on the task. Azure OpenAI Service currently offers the best local performance due to Microsoft's $5.5B investment.

Is it safe to use AI coding tools for financial services development?
Yes, with proper guardrails. Ensure your AI tool usage complies with MAS outsourcing guidelines and your firm's data governance policy. Never paste proprietary code into public AI tools. Use enterprise-tier services like Azure OpenAI Service that offer data privacy commitments.

How does the Bitwarden CLI compromise affect my toolkit?
The Bitwarden incident highlights supply chain risks in developer tools. Audit your use of CLI-based tools, pin dependency versions, and implement automated security scanning. Consider password managers with local vault options instead of CLI-only setups.

Will AI coding tools replace Singapore developers?
No — but they will change what developers do. NTU's AI literacy mandate and Meta's 10% workforce cut signal that AI proficiency is becoming baseline. Developers who architect systems, review AI-generated code, and handle complex domain logic will remain in high demand.

---

Conclusion

The 2026 developer toolkit in Singapore is defined by abundance: two world-class AI models competing for your attention, $5.5 billion in infrastructure investment, a workforce being systematically upskilled in AI literacy, and growing awareness of security risks. The developer who thrives isn't the one who picks the "best" tool — it's the one who builds a stack that's adaptable, secure, and grounded in their specific needs.

Your three-step action plan this week:

1. Audit your toolchain for supply chain security gaps — start with your dependency management and CI/CD pipeline
2. Experiment with both models — try GPT-5.5 for code generation and Claude Fable 5 for code review; see which fits your workflow
3. Invest in AI foundations — NTU's AI literacy approach is a good model even for non-students. Free resources from SkillsFuture and Google's AI courses are excellent starting points

Get started today. A 30-minute security audit of your current developer stack will tell you more about your readiness than any blog post can. Bookmark this guide and come back to it as the model landscape evolves — because in 2026, it will.

This article was researched and written with AI assistance. All facts were verified against published sources. Not financial or investment advice — always do your own research before making business decisions.

Tech Trends

Singapore's AI Summer of 2026: Agents, Upskilling, and a Nation Going All-In

By TY →

Photo by Alex Knight / Pexels

Singapore's AI Summer of 2026: Agents, Upskilling, and a Nation Going All-In

If you've been following tech news out of Singapore over the past few months, you might have noticed something: there's an awful lot happening in AI, and it's happening fast.

From the government rolling out AI agents to 150,000 public officers, to record-breaking AI conferences selling out, to startups raising millions — Singapore is having what you could call an "AI Summer."

This surge isn't accidental — it's the result of deliberate national strategy, sustained investment, and a business ecosystem that's racing to adopt AI across every sector. From GovTech's agent rollout to the government's refreshed National AI Strategy, the pieces are all moving in the same direction.

Let me walk through the key developments that shaped Singapore's AI landscape in Q2 2026 and what they mean for tech professionals, businesses, and the broader economy.

---

AI Everywhere: GovTech, Growth, and Regional Reach

The most concrete story this quarter is GovTech Singapore's plan to put AI agents in the hands of around 150,000 public officers by end of 2026. In June, GovTech shared details of its AI Assistant Desk suite — a centralized platform for drafting reports, managing schedules, and writing code. Piloting now, broader rollout later this year.

What's notable isn't just the scale — it's the governance infrastructure. GovTech is building a registry of AI agents to track ownership and usage. According to CEO Goh Wei Boon:

"We want to have a layer of customisable rules, sanctioned AI tools and a registry to provide better visibility and security, so we can ensure that people use AI agents correctly."

Guardrails include blocking agents from deleting files or emailing external recipients, capping recipients to prevent spam, and automated checks for offensive language.

On the economic front, the AI boom is tangible. Singapore upgraded its 2026 key exports growth forecast in May as AI-related demand surged across semiconductor manufacturing. The AI capex cycle is driving institutional inflows into listed tech manufacturers.

Headline numbers:

• AI spending driving growth forecast upgrades (Bernama, Jul 2)
• SuperAI Singapore 2026 sold out — 10,000 attendees, Asia's largest AI event (PR Newswire, Jun 9)
• AI course enrolments soaring in Singapore universities (Straits Times, Jun 22)
• AI Singapore appointed a new head, Christian Wolfrum (Jul 2026)

Regionally, Singapore is pushing for wider AI adoption and cross-border data flows as ASEAN chair (Straits Times, Jun 17), positioning itself as a neutral ground for AI firms amid Sino-US rivalry. Key initiatives: Singtel RE:AI partnering with WEKA to build sovereign AI infrastructure for ASEAN (CRN Asia, Jun 11), Tata Communications' $152M subsea cable investment linking India's AI to Singapore (TNGlobal, Jul 1), and AI missions beginning with aviation (IMDA, May 20).

---

Workforce Shift: AI Skills Command Premiums

For tech professionals, the message is clear: AI skills have never been more valuable in Singapore. PwC's 2026 Global AI Jobs Barometer — Singapore edition (Jun 15) found that jobs requiring AI skills command significant pay premiums, with the public sector offering the highest salary premium. AI job postings have surged compared to pre-2025 levels, and employers are willing to pay more even as overall hiring sentiment softens (Business Times, Jun 9).

Microsoft's 2026 Work Trend Index confirmed this, showing the Singapore workforce ahead on AI adoption versus global peers. Interestingly, Singapore's youngest workers (Gen Z) use AI less than their older colleagues — only 20% adoption vs higher rates among Millennials and Gen X (TNGlobal, Jun 18), suggesting significant room for growth even among digital natives. This counterintuitive finding suggests that AI proficiency isn't automatic — it needs active cultivation regardless of age.

The Economic Strategy Review 2026 (Jun 24) laid out five takeaways for workers:

1. Make lifelong learning a habit
2. Learn to work with AI — develop hybrid roles combining AI capabilities with sector knowledge
3. Strengthen uniquely human skills (critical thinking, communication, empathy)
4. Plan your career early
5. Stay open to new opportunities

For developers and tech professionals in Singapore, the window is open. The combination of government investment, employer willingness to pay premiums, and a supportive upskilling ecosystem makes this the ideal moment to invest in AI literacy.

---

Startup Scene Heats Up

The AI startup ecosystem in Singapore is thriving:

• Acti raised $5.3M seed funding for its AI-powered keyboard as a personal "context layer" (TNGlobal, Jul 1)
• Plaud committed $10M to expand Asia-Pacific operations from Singapore (Straits Times, Jun 10)
• Akro raised $700,000 pre-seed for AI venture (TNGlobal, Jul 1)
• Amity (Thailand) established Singapore as global AI hub (TNGlobal, Jun 30)
• ASUS Blade AI gained HSA approval in Singapore (ASUS Pressroom, Jul 1)

Singapore startups are also doubling down on AI usage, running multiple AI platforms simultaneously according to an Aspire report (Business Times, Jun 16). The AI Education Divide we covered previously shows this startup energy is being matched by a national upskilling push.

---

Bottom Line & Next Steps

Singapore in mid-2026 is a case study in national-level AI adoption done right. The government is rolling out AI agents to 150,000 public officers with proper governance, AI is injecting itself into growth forecasts, regional infrastructure is being built, and the workforce is being reshaped.

What should you do?

1. Build your AI toolkit — if you're a developer, start experimenting with AI agents and LLM integrations. The pay premium is real.
2. Watch the public sector — GovTech's AI Assistant Desk suite sets a precedent for enterprise AI governance.
3. Look regional — Singapore's ASEAN chair push means opportunities for companies building AI infrastructure for Southeast Asia.

As always, if you're in Singapore tech, the question isn't whether AI will affect your work — it's how quickly you adapt. Our earlier post on building a resilient developer tool stack has practical advice on getting started.

---

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Singapore's AI push just hype or real substance?
The evidence suggests real substance — GovTech is deploying AI agents with governance frameworks, AI-related exports are driving growth forecast upgrades, and employers are paying real salary premiums for AI skills. This is operational, not experimental.

How can I start building AI skills in Singapore?
SSG-funded courses, SkillsFuture credits, university programs (NUS, NTU, SMU), and online platforms all offer pathways. The ESR recommends modular, stackable training that lets you upskill while working.

What's the biggest risk to Singapore's AI ambitions?
Workforce disengagement is a real concern (NTU study, Jun 22). If workers feel threatened rather than empowered by AI, adoption will slow. The ESR's emphasis on human skills and career support is the government's answer to this challenge.

---

Related Reads

• The AI Education Divide: Singapore's Upskilling Boom Meets Norway's Classroom Ban
• Building a Resilient Developer Tool Stack in Singapore's AI Era
• Securing Your Developer Toolkit: Supply Chain Risks in Singapore's AI Era

---

This article was researched and written with AI assistance. All sources verified as of July 2, 2026. SuperAI Singapore 2026 was held at Marina Bay Sands Expo and Convention Centre.